The budget travel toolkit for managing illness on the road, because this will happen to everyone at some point.

The self-treatment tier (pharmacy, no doctor needed): traveler's diarrhea without fever or blood (oral rehydration salts, rest, Imodium if you need to travel), common cold (rest, fluids, decongestant if needed), minor fungal infections (antifungal cream available at pharmacies everywhere), mild headache (ibuprofen), minor cuts and scrapes (antiseptic and dressing).

The clinic tier (see a doctor, but not an emergency): fever over 39°C/102°F, diarrhea with fever or blood, suspected respiratory infection that's worsening, eye infections, significant skin infections. Private clinics in tourist areas of Southeast Asia are genuinely good and fast. A consultation costs $15-40 in Thailand, $20-50 in Vietnam, similar elsewhere in the region.

The emergency tier (hospital, contact insurance immediately): symptoms that might indicate dengue fever, malaria, or typhoid (high fever, severe headache, joint pain, rash); suspected appendicitis; any head injury with confusion; chest pain or difficulty breathing.

Preparing for illness: travel insurance app downloaded with emergency numbers visible. Know the nearest hospital location in each major city you visit. Keep a 48-hour supply of water and electrolytes in your bag always. Know which over-the-counter medications require a prescription in your destination countries.

The financial preparation: even with travel insurance, you often need to pay out of pocket and claim reimbursement. Have $300-500 accessible for this purpose and keep all receipts.